TOEFL Speaking Task 3 Practice 019Science

TOEFL Speaking Task 3 Practice #019 - Science

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Reading passage

Agonistic Behavior In some animal species, individuals may come into conflict with one another over valuable resources like territory or food. To settle these disputes, members of the same species may engage in what is known as agonistic behavior. This is a form of aggressive interaction in which the animals physically compete to determine which one is dominant. Although the competition can be intense, it generally does not result in serious injury, as the primary goal is to establish superiority. Once a winner is determined, that individual is granted access to the resource, while the other retreats.

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Listening transcript

Narrator:Now listen to part of a lecture in a Biology class.

Professor:I know some scientists who were observing snakes in the wild, and they witnessed an encounter of this sort between two rattlesnakes. Ah, as you may know, rattlesnakes eat various kinds of small animals, small animals that live underground in burrows, in little holes in the ground. And what these scientists saw was these two rattlesnakes had found the same hole, and both wanted to eat whatever food was in that hole. So, what happened was the two rattlesnakes faced each other, and then they lifted their bodies into an upright position and made themselves as tall as possible. And then they started pushing each other, kind of wrestling with one another. Each snake tried to gain control of the other snake. And what's interesting is that during all this pushing and shoving and maneuvering, neither snake ever tried to bite the other snake, neither snake ever tried to injure the other snake. So then, after this went on for a while, one of the snakes finally gained control of the other snake, pushed it to the ground and held it there. At this point, the snake that was on top, could have easily bitten the other snake, but it didn't. Instead, it just released the other snake. Just let it go. The snake that had lost just slithered away, and the snake that had won went down into the hole to look for food.

Your speaking task

Explain Agonistic Behavior and how the example from the lecture illustrates the concept.

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